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National Synarchist Union
The National Synarchist Union ((スペイン語:Unión Nacional Sinarquista)) is a Mexican political organization. It was historically a movement of the Roman Catholic extreme right, in some ways akin to clerical fascism and falangism, violently opposed to the left wing and secularist policies of the revolutionary party that governed Mexico from 1929 to 1999 and again in 2012 (now called the Institutional Revolutionary Party) or PRI
==Formation==
The UNS was founded in May 1937 by a group of Catholic political activists led by José Antonio Urquiza, who was murdered in April 1938. It was a revival of the Catholic reaction that drove the Cristero War (that ended in 1929), and its core was centered in the Bajío rural bourgeoisie and professional lower middle-class, where Catholicism was very strong. The group published the "Sinarquista Manifesto,"〔(Manifiesto Sinarquista (1937) )〕 opposing the policies of the government of President Lázaro Cárdenas. "It is absolutely necessary that an organization composed of true patriots exists," the Manifesto declared, "an organization which works for the restoration of the fundamental rights of each citizen and the salvation of the Motherland. As opposed to the utopians who dream of a society without governors and laws, Synarchism supports a society governed by a legitimate authority, emanating from the free democratic activity of the people, that truly guarantees the social order within all find true happiness." The group's date of formation, 23 May, was celebrated annually in León, Guanajuato by the membership.〔Daniel Newcomer, ''Reconciling modernity: urban state formation in 1940s León, Mexico'', U of Nebraska Press, 2004, p. 117〕
The UNS was led by Salvador Abascal, a hard-liner, from 1940 to 1941 when he stood down in order to set up a synarchist commune in Baja California with the more moderate Manuel Torres Bueno becoming leader.〔Philip Rees, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890'', 1990〕 The group was fond of large scale publicity stunts, such as the "takeovers" they launched in Guadalajara, Jalisco and Morelia in 1941. These temporary affairs amounted to little more than symbolic gestures but nonetheless helped to demonstrate the support the UNS enjoyed amongst the peasantry of the Western states.〔Enrique Krauze, ''Mexico: Biography of Power'', Harper Perennial, 1997, p. 506〕
Synarchist involvement in regional protest groups and political parties was both a reality and a regularly used accusation aimed at discrediting opposition. The Civic Union of León, one such local party active in the mid-1940s, was dominated by a cadre of synarchists in the leadership positions.〔Benjamin T Smith, ''Pistoleros and Popular Movements: The Politics of State Formation in Postrevolutionary Oaxaca'', University of Nebraska Press, 2009, p. 289〕 In contrast Austreberto Aragon Maldonado, whose ''Liga de Resistencia de Usarios del Agua de Oaxaca''—a group that supported improvement in the water supply in Oaxaca—enjoyed widespread support in the region, was regularly denounced by the state government as a synarchist despite regularly denying any involvement in the UNS and taking care not to involve himself with any extremist groups. Aragon was targeted in this way due to the broad-based support his movement enjoyed and the possibility that it could become a focus for wider resistance.〔Smith, ''Pistoleros and Popular Movements'', pp. 281–283〕
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